The role of road trauma in multiple injuries in children

Abstract

Background. Isolated and associated craniocerebral injuries caused by traffic accidents are the most common and most serious diseases in children. The incidence of severe forms caused by road trauma has placed children at the forefront of the structure of mortality and disability. Objective of the study. To evaluate the mechanism, type and severity of injury in children with multiple traumas caused by traffic accidents. Material and Methods. The paper presents a retrospective study covering 42 children with associated craniocerebral traumas aged 0-18 years, 28 boys (66.6%) and 14 girls (33.3%), male prevailed 2:1, 29 children from rural regions, 13 children from urban regions, hospitalized at PHI IMC Academician Natalia Gheorghiu National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Surgery, after a road trauma. Results. Based on the anamnestic data, there prevailed traumas with the involvement of cars - 32 children (average age 8.5), motorcycle / scooter - 3 children (average age 16), bicycle - 7 children (average age 12). Distribution of patients with associated craniocerebral trauma: associated, severe (several systems affected) in 10 children (23.8%) with average age 6.5; trauma to the limbs and joints 18 (42.8%) with average age 12; with abdominal trauma 2 (4.7%)%) with average age 8.5, thoraco-pulmonary 5 (11.9%) with average age 10, vertebromedullary one child (2.3%) aged 13 years, oromaxilofacial 5 ( 11.9%) with average age 14, ophthalmologically one child (2.3%) aged 6 years. Conclusion. The competent multidisciplinary approach in assessing the nature of associated craniocerebral trauma, timely diagnostic technical measures, sorting patients and subsequently staggering the operative treatment allowed to obtain a satisfactory result and a good prognosis. Introducere. Traumatismele craniocerebrale izolate şi asociate, provocate de accidente rutiere, constituie afecțiunile cele mai frecvente, mai grave la copii. Incidenţa formelor grave, cauzate de traumatism rutier au plasat copiii pe prim plan în structura mortalităţii şi dizabilității. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea mecanismului, tipului şi a severităţii leziunii la copiii cu traumatisme multiple, cauzate de accidentele de circulaţie. Material și Metode. Lucrarea prezintă un studiu retrospectiv, cuprinzând 42 de copii cu vârsta de 0-18 ani, 28 băieţi (66,6% ) şi 14 fete (33,3 %), a prevalat sexul masculin 2:1; copii din mediul rural - 29, din oraşe - 13, cu traumatisme craniocerebrale asociate, internaţi în Centrul Național Științifico-Practic de Chirurgie pediatrică „Academician Natalia Gheorghiu” a IMSP IMC, după un traumatism rutier. Rezultate. În baza datelor anamnestice, au prevalat traumatismele cu implicarea automobilelor - 32 copii ( media vârstei -8,5), motocicletei / scuterului - 3 (media - vârstei 16), bicicletei - 7 (media vârstei - 12). Repartiția pacienților cu traumatisme asociate cu cele craniocerebrale: asociat, grav (mai multe sisteme afectate)- la 10 copii (23,8%) cu media vârstei- 6,5; traumatisme ale membrelor și centurilor - 18 (42,8%) cu media vârstei - 12; cu traumatisme abdominale- 2 (4,7%)%) cu media vârstei - 8.5, toracopulmonare - 5 ( 11,9%) cu media vârstei - 10, vertebro-medulare - un copil (2,3%) , cu vârsta de 13 ani, oromaxilofaciale - 5 (11,9%) cu media vârstei -14, oftalmologice - un copil (2,3%) cu vârstă de 6 ani. Concluzii. Abordarea multidisciplinară competentă în evaluarea naturii leziunilor asociate craniocerebrale, măsurile tehnice de diagnostic efectuate în timp util, trierea pacienţilor şi ulterior eşalonarea tratamentului operator a permis obţinerea unui rezultat satisfăcător şi a unui prognostic bun.