Abstract:
Introduction. There have been a lot of discussions in recent years about climate change
with an emphasis on global warming. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of meteorological patterns when this change lasts over an extended period. Scientists are actively working to understand past and future climate patterns, using theoretical observations and models.
The purpose of the research was to understand the direction of climate change towards
heating or cooling, in the vision of scientific researchers, in order to develop and implement the action plan for the healthcare system.
Material and methods. The research is a descriptive analysis of the controversial views
of scientists. To conduct the research, scientific articles were searched on the website of
the social scientific network ResearchGate, using the following keywords: climate change,
global warming, global cooling, and adaptation. There were selected 5 articles published
in 2020.
Results. Researchers present controversial evidence regarding climate change. Do controversial opinions focus on the question of climate warming or cooling?
Some scientists claim that the planet is threatened by global warming. The United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has estimated that global temperatures will
rise by one degree Fahrenheit by 2011 and by 2 degrees Fahrenheit by 2038. The BBC
states: „Over the past few hundred years, there has been a steady increase in the numbers
of sunspots, at the time when the Earth has been getting warmer. The data suggests solar
activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer." For the last 35
years, the sun has shown a cooling trend. However, global temperatures continue to rise.
If the sun's energy decreases as the Earth warms, then the sun cannot be the main temperature control factor. The sun's energy fluctuates over a cycle of about 11 years. The
energy changes by about 0.1% on each cycle. If the Earth's temperature were controlled
mainly by the sun, then it should have cooled between 2000 and 2008. NASA and climate
scientists around the world have said, however, that the years since 1998 have been the
warmest in the world.
Other scientists say a new ice age awaits us. "An eminent Mexican geophysicist (Victor
Manuel Naumovich Velasco Herrera) says that the world may be on the verge of an eighty
years cold period similar to the 'little ice age' experienced by Europe from 1300 to 1800
A.D.", a period in which the activity of sunspots decreased significantly.
Conclusions. In the Republic of Moldova, there are few studies on the tendencies of climate change towards heating or cooling. The existing ones demonstrate a greenhouse effect both in the short and long term. Even if all indicators show that global warming is
still happening, the idea of global cooling should not be neglected. Whatever the trends,
the consequences can be prevented by adapting. Adaptation measures must be carried
out at different levels: from the governmental, ministerial to the individual level, as well
as from the general within the country to the local level of the administrative system.
