Medical rehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis in relation to their functional disability

Abstract

The actuality of the research. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition for its high prevalence rate, being characterized by typical signs and a relevant functional impairment, ultimately resulting in a reduction in quality of life [1]. The knee is the most frequent site of osteoarthritis, whereas according to world estimates, 630 million people suffer from osteoarthritis, which is 10-12% of the world's population, while more than 80% of people over 55 years old show changes in the radiographic findings of osteoarthritis [2]. The statistical data from the Republic of Moldova in 2018 showed an incidence of 46.900 cases, and 47.900 cases in 2019, which represents a slight increase in morbidity rate due to musculoskeletal system disorders and namely osteoarthritis [3 ]. The area of research into osteoarthritis, as a major non-communicable disease, remains a priority for WHO and global public health programs. Generally, osteoarthritis progresses slowly and is characterized by nonspecific local symptoms such as pain, stiffness, joint cracking, loss of mobility and joint function that affect quality of life [4]. It should be noted that, on the one hand, the disease is common and not difficult to diagnose, on the other hand, the progressive and irreversible nature of the disease might be challenging for effective treatment. Osteoarthritis management includes a variety of many nondrug options and pharmacological interventions. The treatment should be patient-customized involving a combination of approaches [5, 6]. Although, they relieve the symptoms, no effects on disease progression have been proven. Non-drug treatment includes regular exercise, educational measures, body weight loss, wearing supportive and mobility devices [7, 8]. However, further research is needed to identify the types of medical rehabilitation programs that are most effective in patients with knee OA. [...]