Congenital malformations of central nervous system, spinal neural axis and osseous cranial system: diagnostic and treatment management

Abstract

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system, of the neural spinal axis and of the cranial skeletal system are a more and more actual pathology. Its incidence increases year by year by more and more severely forms and associations. One of the most actual and most common congenital anomaly is: hydrocephalus (3-4 cases per 1.000 newborns), which puts us a lot of problems in solving it. The hydrocephalus of the newborn allegedly an increase of the volume of the skull due to the increase of the amount of cerebrospinal fluid and its accumulation under pressure in the fluid compartments that has as result the expansion of these cavities on account of the brain substance. The treatment of hydrocephalus requires a variety of methods, which are selected depending on the form and severity of the disease. A complex of anomalies of the neural spinal axis are disrafie thorns: Congenital malformations caused by the incomplete development of the neural tube during the fetal embryogenesis (approximately on the 20-th day). Their frequency is 4-5 cases per 1.000 newborns. The treatment is exclusively surgical and requires a great skill in tissue of the tissue defects. The cranial malformations include craniostenosises, which are affections characterized by premature, primitive closure of one or more skull sutures that may cause an increase of the intracranial pressure and cosmetic deformities. Their incidence is about 1 at 1.000 newborns. The indications for surgical treatment are functional, cosmetic, psychological, endocrine. The correct management in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformations allows children with these abnormalities the possibility to reduce completely or partially the neurological and esthetic difficulty.