Abstract:
Summary.
Introduction. Peripheral biomarkers have numerous
uses in the treatment, prognosis, and pharmacovigilance
of epilepsy. Unfortunately, no peripheral biomarker has
demonstrated proven efficacy, although several options
are being investigated. In this article, we want to analyze
the main areas in which peripheral biomarkers can present their usefulness, including participation in the processes of inflammation, dysfunction of the blood-brain
barrier, changes in metabolism, hormones, and growth
factors.
Material and methods. Publications on diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy were reviewed. References were identified by PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus search until June
2022, with various combinations of the terms – „epilepsy”,
„seizures”, „epileptogenesis”, „biomarkers”, „neuroimaging”,
„inflammation”, „status epilepticus”, „prognosis”. A qualitative and analytical study was performed focused on primary studies published in 2020-2022. More than 85 sources
were identified and 33 were selected for analysis from the
PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus online databases. 12 articles, 5 clinical trials, 2 meta-analyses, 7 reviews, and 7 systematic reviews were identified.
Results. Screening articles from online databases according to the search criteria, we found 258 titles on molecular and cellular biomarkers in epilepsy highlighted.
The final bibliography included 33 sources that summarized that biomarkers of epileptogenesis are expensive
and difficult to research, but the identification of biomarkers specific to the entire epileptogenic process, in close
proximity to neuronal damage, have demonstrated the
possibility of predicting the risk of seizures, epilepsy and
resistance to treatment.
Conclusions. Epilepsy remains a continuous area of research; a special role is occupied by specific biomarkers of
great clinical importance, being necessary for the prognosis
of the disease, the risk of neurological sequelae, refractory
to anti-epileptic drugs. Thus, their identification could have
a significant impact on the clinical course of the disease.
