The modulation activity of the sulfated polysaccharides synthesized in cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and its role as a new bioactive compound

Abstract

Summary Objective. To conduct a literature review to establish the role of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds - sulfated polysaccharides synthesized in S. platensis on the immune disturbances and metabolic disorders in patients with respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis. Material and methods. A systematic literature review was conducted and the electronic sources published through the PubMed and HINARI collection of health literature were evaluated. Printed material was searched through the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Results. Sulfated polysaccharides are intensively studied as they constitute an important source of biologically active compounds. Original biotechnological models for cultivating the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (S. platensis) were created at the Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Moldova, and the extraction and purification methods of the biologically active compounds with therapeutic effects were improved. The mechanism of action of the bioactive compounds extracted from S. platensis are different and selective. Discussions. The bioactive components extracted from S. platensis possess antimicrobial (including antiviral), antitumor, antioxidant, radioprotective and immunostimulating effects with the differentiated level of action. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the bioactive compound extracted from S. platensis in other biosystems and experiments.