Characteristics of morphological changes in the skin of patients with allergodermatoses during long-term external application of fluorined steroids

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of applying topical fluorinated glucocorticosteroids in combination with ceramides on the barrier function of the skin of experimental animals with allergic dermatoses (guinea pigs). The purpose of the work: substantiation of the inclusion of ceramides in the base of topical fluorinated steroid preparations for the treatment of allergic dermatoses by studying the morphological changes in the skin of guinea pigs after the application of the indicated means of various compositions. Materials and methods. Histological research was carried out on outbred guinea pigs of the same sex and condition (74 individuals). The animals were divided into separate groups depending on the applied drugs. The following combinations of drugs and, accordingly, guinea pigs were selected, which were divided as follows: IC – intact control (15 animals); O – base application (14); OC – base containing ceramides (15); FSt/kr – fluorinated steroids of strong action (betamethasone) (16); FStK/kr – fluorinated steroids of strong action (betamethasone) + ceramides (14). Results. In order to study the traumatic effect of topical steroids on the skin and the possibility of preventing morphological (atrophic) disorders, an experimental study of the morphology of the skin of guinea pigs was carried out on a model of atrophy caused by long-term (14 days) application of topical fluorinated steroids of various compositions. Applying the foundation to animals led to some thickening of the epidermal layer, while the morphology of the epidermis and the skin itself was not disturbed. The addition of ceramides led to the acceleration of proliferative processes and the development of proliferative acanthosis. Changes induced by betamethasone were noted mainly in the epidermis in the form of local atrophy of the epidermal layer. The addition of ceramides to a potent fluorinated steroid to some extent smoothed out the negative effects of the corticosteroid hormone. The average thickness of the epithelial layer increased by 2 times compared to the thickness of the epithelial layer of animals of the FSt/kr group and even slightly exceeded the indicators of intact animals. Vacuolar dystrophy of the cells of the spinous and granular layers occurred in all animals of the FStK/kr group. Lymphoid infiltration of the dermis, parakeratosis and acantholysis were not noted. Conclusions. The results of an experimental study of the effect of topical fluorinated steroids of different composition on the skin of guinea pigs indicate the existence of differences between the drugs in terms of their degree of action on the intensity and development of pathological processes in experimental animals. A comparison of the effect on the skin of classic topical steroids and those additionally containing ceramides indicates the possibility of preventing the traumatic effect of hormones, which is especially important for patients with filaggrin gene mutations.