Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with heart failure

Abstract

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) often coexist, causing a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. The interaction between these two conditions leads to worsened symptoms, increased hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life. Objective of the study. Assessing management strategies for COPD with heart failure to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life. Material and methods. A single case of COPD with heart failure was analyzed. Relevant medical records, diagnostic data treatment plans were reviewed. Results. A 62-year-old male patient with exacerbated COPD type B with heart failure NYHA II FC and a history of smoking for about 40 years. The patient presents with dyspnea on exertion, exercise intolerance, and exacerbations. He has a height of 175 cm, weighs 80 kg, and has a BMI of 26.1 kg/m2. His vital signs were 130/84 mmHg, 78 bpm, 21 breaths/min, and SpO2 of 91%. Pulmonary function tests indicate moderate airflow limitation, with FEV1 of 60% predicted and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 55%. Echocardiography shows a reduced ejection fraction of 40%. The patient was managed with oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors. During the follow-up, the patient maintained stable respiratory and cardiac symptoms. Conclusions. The management of COPD associated with HF requires a multidisciplinary approach that recognizes and addresses the connection between respiratory and cardiac impairments. A comprehensive management strategy that covers both respiratory and cardiac components is essential to optimize patient outcomes, improve quality of life, and reduce the burden of this challenging comorbidity.