Autoîngrijirea pacientului în diabet de tip 2

Abstract

Introducere. Diabetul zaharat este o afecțiune pe termen lung, care necesita un management continuu. Automonitorizarea și autocontrolul sunt tehnici eficiente pentru managementul diabetului. Menținerea sănătății poate fi realizată prin educația pacienților cu Diabet zaharat de tip 2, astfel încât aceștia să poată participa activ la procesul de tratament și să dobândească cunoștințe practice în autoîngrijirea bolii. Scopul lucrării. A constat în analiza studiilor privind intervențiile care vizează persoanele cu diabet zaharat tip 2 pentru argumentarea importanței participării pacientului sau aparținătorilor, de rând cu asistenții medicali și medicii de familie, la procesul de îngrijire a bolii. Material și metode. Căutarea publicațiilor a fost efectuată în baza de date PubMed și Mendeley. Perioada de căutare – anii 2018-2023. Au fost aplicate următoarele expresii și

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition that requires ongoing management. Self-monitoring and self-control are effective techniques for diabetes management. Health maintenance can be achieved by educating patients with type 2 Diabetes so that they can actively participate in the treatment process and acquire practical knowledge in self-care of the disease. Objective of the study. To analyze the studies on interventions aimed at people with type 2 diabetes to argue the importance of the patient’s or relatives’ participation, along with nurses and family doctors, in the disease care process. Material and methods. The study is secondary and descriptive. The publication search was performed in PubMed and Mendeley databases. Search period – years 2018-2023. The following phrases and keywords were applied: Self-management or Self-care, and Diabetes, and Nurse and roles. In addition, filters were applied: free full text; meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, and clinical trial. Publications in English were considered. Results. 40 studies analyzed the effects of interventions by individuals to ensure good disease control. Self-care is the ability of individuals, families and communities to maintain health and cope with disability with or without the support of a health worker. Self-monitoring of the disease is an effective tool for the management of type 2 diabetes. Making self-care information available to all patients will increase patient safety. All analyzed studies demonstrate that continuous glucose monitoring reduces the risks of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, thus improving the patient’s quality of life. Conclusions. The need to improve the self-care of people with type 2 diabetes is of great importance in the care of the disease at any stage to increase patient safety and improve quality of life.