Medication used in cerebrovascular accidents at the prehospital stage

Abstract

Background. The management of cerebrovascular accidents, which include conditions like ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes, is highly dependent on prehospital care. Certain drugs are frequently given to patients in the prehospital situation to stabilize them and prevent more brain damage. Objective of the study. The objective is to provide an overview of the medications administered to patients in the prehospital stage of cerebrovascular accidents. Material and methods. For the completion of the goal, investigations were carried out using a variety of sources, such as electronic libraries like PubMed Central, PubMed, and NIH, on papers that were published between 2012 and 2023. Results. According to the investigation, anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, as well as antiplatelet agents (aspirin and clopidogrel), have been recommended for usage in cerebrovascular accidents. The most frequent age range for stroke presentations was 61–80 years, followed by 41–60 years (47% and 46%, respectively). Hemorrhage-related strokes were more uncommon (60%) than those with ischemic strokes. There were more male patients than female ones. The study group included individuals with alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, and proteinuria. Conclusions. During this critical period, medicines have a major role in minimizing the severity and progression of strokes, thus, it is crucial to take into account the unique patient characteristics, medical history, and contraindications. In order to improve patient outcomes and lessen the burden of stroke-related disability, comprehensive stroke care must include the administration of suitable drugs in cerebrovascular accidents during the prehospital stage.