Lymphangioma in children

Abstract

Background. Lymphangiomas are typically congenital abnormalities caused by incorrect embryogenesis. Although these malformations can affect any part of the body and can happen at any age, 90% of them affect the head and neck in children under the age of two. These are inherent or acquired defects. Purpose of the paper. The primary goal of the study is to describe the clinical presentation of lymphangioma and understand more about the possible complications associated with the disease, also to brief an overview of the diagnosis and treatment options. Material and methods. Several scientific databases-Science direct, NCBI, search engines with scientific content - PubMed, Osmosis, and 50 scientific publications were selected. Results. According to the size and depth of these aberrant lymphatic vessels it is classified into Lymphangioma circumscriptum, Cavernous lymphangioma, and Cystic hygromas. Patients with lymphangiomas can experience a wide range of clinical symptoms, from localized swelling that causes a superficial mass to a vast area of diffuse infiltrating lymphatic channel abnormalities that causes elephantiasis. Normal growth of lymphangioma is slow and steady, but under certain circumstances, such as infection, hormonal changes, or trauma, it can grow quickly and become a life-threatening condition that needs to be treated right once. The best course of treatment for lymphangiomas is still surgical resection, while various approaches, such as sclerotherapy, have been suggested to lessen the effects and risks of surgery. Conclusions. With the goal to reduce illness complications and enhance patient prognosis, complete treatments include surgery, sclerotherapy, and pharmacological therapy must also be investigated for those lymphangiomas that are not responsive to drug therapy.