Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the population regarding viral Hepatitis B and C worldwide: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Introduction. The term “hepatitis” implies liver damage by inflammatory cells, a condition with numerous origins. Viruses, predominantly hepatitis B and C viruses cause most cases of hepatitis, which can lead to chronic liver diseases. Assessing the general knowledge and awareness of the population regarding viral hepatitis is crucial for developing targeted and effective strategies to address these epidemics. This knowledge can help tailor interventions for different population strata, such as youth and adults, thereby enhancing the impact of prevention and care efforts. Materials and methods. An exhaustive search of relevant literature was performed in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Key terms included “viral hepatitis B,” “viral hepatitis C,” “knowledge,” “attitudes,” “practices,” and “population.” Articles included in the analysis were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. In a Nigerian hospital, 33% of healthcare workers lacked knowledge of hepatitis B, and 35% were not immunized. In an Iraqi study, 75% believed HBV is more easily transmitted than HIV, and 33.9% knew HBV could spread through toothbrushes. In India, most medical students were aware of hepatitis B (84.8%). Their knowledge about transmission through blood transfusion (81.06%) and needles (74.1%) was good, but they had poor knowledge about other modes of transmission and clinical features. A study in Tehsil Wazirabad, Gujranwala found good knowledge about hepatitis C transmission and symptoms. In Saudi Arabia, dental students revealed insufficient knowledge about hepatitis B infection. Practice levels varied, with 47.2% showing high practice and 22% low practice. Female participants exhibited higher knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In Gauteng province, South Africa, a 2015 study found that healthcare workers had inadequate knowledge of viral hepatitis. The average knowledge score was 2.0 out of 6, while practice and attitude scores were higher. Conclusions. A significant difference in knowledge levels regarding viral hepatitis B and C was highlighted within the population. The overall level of knowledge regarding viral hepatitis B and C remains inadequate among both medical personnel and the general population. There is a growing need for education and awareness about viral hepatitis B and C.