Mindfulness-based pain relief through meditation

Abstract

Background. Mindfulness meditation, rooted in ancient Buddhist practices, is a potential nonpharmacological intervention for chronic pain, affecting millions globally. The opioid crisis highlights the need for alternatives. This review synthesizes current research on mindfulness meditation’s effectiveness in pain relief, exploring mechanisms and future research directions. Objective of the study. Presentation mindfulness which involves non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, including focused attention (samatha) and open monitoring (vipassana) by reducing pain via cognitive control and emotional regulation, altering brain regions like the thalamus and insula, enhancing pain acceptance and reducing avoidance behaviors. Material and methods. Studies on mindfulness meditation’s effects on pain, involving chronic pain populations were reviewed. Research includes RCTs, meta-analyses, and neuroimaging studies. Results. (Randomized controlled trials) RCTs show mindfulness meditation reduces pain intensity and improves quality of life. Meta-analyses support its efficacy, comparable to (Cognitive behavioral therapy) CBT. Qualitative studies reveal increased pain acceptance. Neuroimaging studies indicate changes in brain activity related to pain perception. Mindfulness meditation reduces pain through cognitive control, emotional regulation, and brain activity changes. It offers a narcotic-free alternative, reducing opioid reliance and improving mental health. Techniques like body scan meditation manage chronic pain by changing individuals’ relationship with pain. Mindfulness meditation affects heart rate variability, distinct from placebo effects. Conclusion. Mindfulness meditation is effective for chronic pain management, addressing sensory, cognitive, and affective factors. It reduces pain intensity, improves quality of life, and can potentially decrease opioid dependency.