Urogenital tuberculosis

Abstract

Introduction. Urogenital tuberculosis, a type of non-pulmonary tuberculosis, is a significant health issue as it affects the urinary and reproductive systems. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major causative agent, usually transmitted through the bloodstream following a prior infection in the lungs. Objective of the study. To analyze the clinical manifestation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes of urogenital tuberculosis. Material and methods. To find the pertinent studies on urogenital tuberculosis, a literature study was done. Articles from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar) that were published between 2019 and 2024 were included in the search. Results. The findings revealed that the main symptoms were dysuria, hematuria, and flank pain. The urinalysis showed the presence of sterile pyuria, whereas imaging studies often detected cavitary lesions in the kidneys. The diagnosis was verified by methods like urine culture, polymerase chain reaction and histological investigation. The treatment included the administration of mixture of antitubercular drugs for a period of six to twelve months, and in certain situations, surgical intervention was necessary. Most patients responded favorably to the medical therapy excluding some exhibited drug resistance necessitating alternative treatment Conclusions. Timely identification and proper management of urogenital tuberculosis are essential for favorable prognosis and averting complications.