Abstract:
Background. Because the clinical and histological aspects
of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis overlap, diagnosing these
two diseases can be extremely difficult. Their differentiation is complicated by the fact that both diseases present
as granulomatous disorders that frequently affect the lungs
and occasionally other organs. Objective. Reviewing and analyzing the diagnostic difficulties related to sarcoidosis and
tuberculosis with an emphasis on clinical presentation, histology, biomarkers, and molecular diagnostics is the study’s
main goal. Material and methods: Bibliographic sources
were used to synthesize research published between 2020
and 2023 in order to create the proposed aim. Histopathological examination, molecular testing (PCR for mycobacterial DNA), and serum biomarkers (IL-2R, ACE, KL-6, leptin,
and ICAM-1) were all given special consideration. Results.
Caseating granulomas are diagnostic of tuberculosis, and non-caseating granulomas are indicative of sarcoidosis, according to the review, which found significant overlap in the
clinical and radiological characteristics of both disorders.
Mycobacterial DNA was found in varying amounts in sarcoidosis patients according to molecular testing. Although
the combination of leptin and ICAM-1 showed promise in
differentiating, serum indicators lacked enough specificity.
Conclusion. Significant difficulties arise from the diagnostic overlap between TB and sarcoidosis. A thorough strategy
combining clinical, histological, and cutting-edge diagnostic
methods is necessary for a correct diagnosis, even though
molecular testing and novel biomarker combinations help
to differentiate cases.
