Fibrosing interstitial lung disease and associated comorbidities

Abstract

Background. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrosing interstitial lung disease with a distinguished formation of scar in the lungs without any established incitement. Having a poor prognosis and an increased mortality, the presence of comorbidities can significantly affect the disease progression and overall patient health. Objective of the study. To present the overview of IPF and the most common comorbidities associated with it for early identification of complication and its management. Material and methods. An inclusive review of existing literature and clinical data taken from the medical databases was conducted. Utilization of Statistical data for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Annual prevalence and incidence rates were analyzed. Results. Review indicated a strong association of respiratory comorbidities such as COPD (6-67%), lung cancer (2.7-48%), Pulmonary hypertension (29-46%), non-respiratory comorbidities being GERD (up to 87%), Cardiovascular conditions (3.2-68%), Anxiety (30-50%), Depression (20-30%). The percentage of association of them varying due to the divergence in data gathered from extended studies. They were linked with accelerated disease progression and decreased quality of life. The prevalence and incidence showed a statistically significant annual increase in comorbidities. Conclusion. Recognizing and addressing these comorbidities were indispensable for comprehensive care of patients. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate the management of both IPF and its associated comorbidities were recommended to enhance the outcome and quality of life.