Introducere. Metabolomica studiază metaboliţii şi moleculele sub 1500 Da, oferind cadru esenţial pentru Introducere. sistemului biologic, a proceselor fiziologice, a etiopatogeniei degenerescenţei maculare legate de vârstă (DMLV). Această abordare permite identificarea mecanismelor moleculare implicate în progresia bolii. Scopul acestui studiu a fost identificarea şi analizarea biomarkerilor metabolici şi inflamatori cu relevanţă statistică la pacienţii cu degenerescenţă maculară legată de vârstă. Material şi metode. Au fost utilizate o varietate de metode precum cea comparativă, observaţională şi analitică, cu sintetizarea a 132 de articole, cât şi studiu retrospectiv. Biomarke-rii (glucoză, LDL, HDL, VSH, colesterol) au fost analizaţi în SPSS folosind testele binominale, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks şi One-Sample pentru determinarea abaterilor statistice. Rezultate. Studiul retrospectiv pilot a fost realizat pe baza analizării a 80 de fişe medicale, din perioada anilor 20192023, ale pacienţilor internaţi în Secţia de Oftalmologie a Spitalului Clinic Republican „Timofei Moşneaga”: 52.5% bărbaţi, 47.5% femei, vârstă medie 71.21±8.81 ani. Conform testului binomial s-au identificat următorii biomarkeri semnificativi statistic: glucoză (p<0.022), protrombină/fi-brinogen (p<0.001), trigliceride (p=0.031), VSH (p=0.017). Adiţional testului binominal, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks a confirmat: fibrinogen/protrombină (p=0.000), colesterol total (p=0.041), trigliceride (p=0.009), glucoză (p=0.004). Concluzii. Astfel, s-au identificat biomarkeri esenţiali pentru evaluarea riscului şi monitorizarea DMLV, relevând implicaţii în tulburările metabolice. De asemenea, metabolomica permite detectarea biomarkerilor fezabili pentru diagnosticul precoce şi identificarea ţintelor terapeutice în DMLV.
Introduction. Metabolomics studies metabolites and molecules under 1500 Da, provides an essential framework for characterizing biological systems, physiological processes, etiopathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This approach enables identification of molecular mechanisms driving disease progression. The aim of this study was to identify, compare and analyze statistically relevant metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Material and methods. We employed a variety of methods, such as comparative, observational, and analytical methods, synthesizing 132 articles alongside a retrospective study. Biomarkers (glucose, LDL, HDL, ESR, cholesterol) were analyzed using SPSS with binomial tests, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, and One-Sample tests to determine statistical deviations. Results. The pilot retrospective study was based on the analysis of 80 medical records, from the period 20192023, of patients from the Ophthalmology Department of the Timofei Moşneaga Republican Clinical Hospital that revealed: 52.5% male, 47.5% female patients, mean age 71.21±8.81 years. According to the binomial test, the following statistically significant biomarkers were identified: glucose (p<0.022), prothrombin/fibrinogen (p<0.001), triglycerides (p=0.031), ESR (p=0.017). In addition to the binomial test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks confirmed: fibrinogen/prothrombin (p=0.000), total cholesterol (p=0.041), triglycerides (p=0.009), glucose (p=0.004). Conclusion. Therefore, essential biomarkers for AMD risk assessment and monitoring have been identified, revealing implications in metabolic disorders. Likewise, metabolomics enables the detection of feasible biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets identification in AMD.
