Introducere. Muşchiul scheletic este un ţesut contractil specializat, alcătuit din fibre multinucleate post-mitotice, capabil de regenerare în urma lezării. Acest proces complex este reglat de celulele satelit şi implică numeroase căi moleculare ce asigură homeostazia tisulară şi funcţionalitatea musculară. Scop. Analiza mecanismelor moleculare şi metabolice implicate în regenerarea muşchiului scheletic, inclusiv rolul celulelor satelit, citokinelor şi biomateri-alelor electroactive. Material şi metode. A fost efectuat un review sistematic al National Library of Medicine and The International Institutes of Health MEDLINE utilizând baza de date autentică PubMed, pentru a cerceta lucrări recente pe tema căilor de regenerare a ţesutului muscular, axate pe mecanismele moleculare şi rolul celulelor satelit în procesul de miogeneză şi reparare tisulară. Rezultate. Regenerarea muşchiului scheletic este mediată de celulele stem satelit, care răspund la leziuni prin proliferare şi diferenţiere mio-genă. Enzima Psatl şi calea biosintetică a serinei reglează regenerarea prin producerea a-cetoglutaratului şi glutaminei, esenţiale pentru activarea MuSC. ARN-urile mici 5'tiRNA-Gly promovează inflamaţia prin modularea mac-rofagelor M1/M2 şi diferenţierea mioblastelor prin ţintirea căii TGF-0. Muşchiul secretă miokine cu rol autocrin şi endocrin în reglarea miogenezei. Biomaterialele imită mi-cromediul celular, facilitând regenerarea tisulară prin elec-trostimulare şi influenţarea celulelor stem. Concluzii. Regenerarea muşchiului scheletic implică activarea celulelor stem satelit prin semnale metabolice şi moleculare, inclusiv Psat1 şi ARN 5’tiRNA-Gly. Miokinele şi biomaterialele optimizează microambientul celular, favorizând proliferarea, diferenţierea şi repararea tisulară eficientă.
Introduction. Skeletal muscle is a specialized contractile tissue composed of post-mitotic multinucleated fibers, capable of regeneration following injury. This complex process is regulated by satellite cells and involves numerous molecular pathways that ensure tissue homeostasis and muscular functionality. Objective. Analysis of the molecular and metabolic mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle regeneration, including the role of satellite cells, cytokines, and electroactive biomaterials. Material and methods. A systematic review of the National Library of Medicine and The International Institutes of Health MEDLINE was performed using the authentic PubMed database, to search for recent works on the topic of muscle tissue regeneration pathways, focusing on molecular mechanisms and the role of satellite cells in the process of myogenesis and tissue repair. Results. Skeletal muscle regeneration is driven by satellite stem cells that respond to injury through proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Psatl and the serine biosynthesis pathway regulate this process via production of a-ke-toglutarate and glutamine, essential for MuSC activation. 5’tiRNA-Gly small RNAs promote inflammation by modulating Mland M2 macrophages and myoblast differentiation through the TGF-0 pathway. Muscle secretes myokines with autocrine and endocrine roles in myogenesis. Electroactive biomaterials mimic the cellular microenvironment, enhancing tissue regeneration via targeted electrical stimulation. Conclusion. Skeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of satellite stem cells through metabolic and molecular signals, including Psatl and 5'tiRNA-Gly RNA. Myokines and biomaterials optimize the cellular microenvironment, promoting efficient proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair.
