Impactul microbiotei intestinale asupra biomarkerilor epigenetici în diabetul zaharat tip 2

Abstract

Introducere. Diabetul zaharat de tip 2 (DZ2) este o maladie complexă determinată de multipli factori exogeni şi endogeni. Prevalenţa în creştere a DZ2 a impus necesitatea realizării studiilor ce vizează identificarea factorilor de risc, unele studii recente sugerând o legătură strânsă între DZ2 şi disbioza intestinală. Scop. Studierea impactului epigenetic al metaboliţilor microbiotei intestinale pentru identificarea de noi biomarkeri cu potenţial de predicţie precoce a diabetului zaharat de tip 2. Material şi metode. A fost realizat un review descriptiv privind interacţiunea dintre me-taboliţii microbiotei intestinale si dezvoltarea DZ2, in baza literaturii de specialitate din perioada anilor 2018-2025, selectată din bazele de date PubMed, Springer Nature, BMC şi JCEM, utilizând

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease determined by multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has necessitated studies aimed at identifying risk factors, some of which suggest a close link between type 2 diabetes and intestinal dysbiosis. Objective. Studying the epigenetic impact of gut microbiota metabolites to identify new clinical biomarkers, which would have the mission of early prediction of type 2 di-abetes(T2D). Material and methods. A descriptive review was conducted on the interaction between gut microbiota metabolites and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on the specialized literature from 2018-2025, selected from the PubMed, Springer Nature and BMC, JCEM databases using the keywords T2D, gut microbiota, metabolites, epigenetics, biomarkers. Results. Host metabolism is influenced by various epigenetic pathways by gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. The main epigenetic mechanisms are: DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and modulation of non-coding RNA function. Studies have shown that insulin like growth factor 2, soluble E-selectin, decorin, adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist molecules are influenced by epigenetic changes, and clinical research of these 6 biomarkers in patients has significantly improved predictive performance. Conclusion. The implementation of biomarkers in clinical practice considerably improves the prediction of T2D, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology, allowing early interventions to prevent, anticipate the evolution of the disease, form the basis for personalized treatment strategies.