MANAGEMENTUL STRESULUI PROFESIONAL ÎN ACTIVITATEA LUCRĂTORULUI MEDICAL

Abstract

Introducere. Organizaţia Mondială a Sănătăţii estimează stresul fiind o „epidemie globală” a secolului XXI. Pe lângă problemele de afectare a sănătăţii multiple, stresul provoacă şi o multitudine de complicaţii, fiind impediment major la locul de activitate. Prevenirea şi controlul stresului sunt tot mai necesare. Scop. Evaluarea nivelului de stres profesional în rândul lucrătorilor medicali, identificarea factorilor declanşatori şi impactul acestora asupra calităţii vieţii şi activităţii profesionale. Material şi metode. A fost efectuat un studiu descriptiv transversal la 70 lucrători medicali, cu datele demografice, evaluarea calităţii vieţii. Stresul profesional a fost estimat prin chestionarul „The Impact of Event Scale - Revised”. Vârsta medie: 56±12,4 ani. Microclimat confortabil: 88,6%. Suprasolicitare neu-ro-psihică majoră: 68,6%, negativă: 32,4%. Rezultate. În urma studiului efectuat pe un eşantion la 70 de lucrători medicali, s-a constatat că nivelul de stres profesional este crescut. Suprasolicitarea neuro-psihică fiind majoră la 68,6%, negativă - 32,4%, 48,3% -au descris mediul de lucru ca agreabil, iar 1,7% - foarte tensionat. Ponderea maladiilor cronice a fost estimată la 45%, iar 55% dintre respondenţi nu sunt în evidenţă dispensară. Conform rezultatelor obţinute prin aplicarea scalei de stres s-a determinat - 22% din medici fiind neafectaţi de stres, 38%- se aflau în faza pre-simptomatică, iar 40% dezvoltaseră deja simptomatologie specifică stresului cronic. Concluzii. Conform studiului, 50% dintre lucrătorii medicali suferă de stres cronic, cu o accentuare în timpul pandemiei COVID-19. Aceasta a amplificat presiunile profesionale, ducând la creşterea epuizării emoţionale şi afectând sănătatea mintală şi performanţa la locul de muncă.

Introduction. The World Health Organization estimates that stress is a “global epidemic” of the 21st century. In addition to numerous health issues, stress causes a multitude of complications, representing a major impediment in the workplace. Preventing and managing stress are becoming increasingly necessary. Objective. To assess the level of occupational stress among healthcare workers, identify its triggering factors, and analyze its impact on their quality of life and professional activity. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 medical workers, collecting demographic data and assessing quality of life. Professional stress was measured using the IES-R scale. Mean age was 56±12.4 years. Comfortable microclimate in 88.6% of cases. Neuropsychological overload: major in 68.6%, negative in 32.4%. Results. Following a study conducted on a sample of 70 medical workers, it was found that the level of professional stress was high. Neuropsychological overload was major in 68.6% and negative in 32.4%; 48.3% reported a tolerable work environment, while 1.7% described it as highly tense. The prevalence of chronic diseases was estimated at 45%, and 55% of respondents were not registered for regular medical follow-up. According to the results obtained through the stress scale the 22% of physicians were unaffected by stress, 38% were in the pre-symptomatic phase, and 40% had already developed symptoms characteristic of chronic stress. Conclusion. According to the study, 50% of healthcare workers suffer from chronic stress, which significantly intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increased professional pressures, leading to higher emotional exhaustion and negatively impacting both mental health and job performance.