Descriptive analysis of pediatric laryngeal papillomatosis in Republic of Moldova: epidemiological and clinical characteristics

Abstract

Introduction. Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is a rare but significant pediatric condition caused by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. Characterized by the repeated growth of benign exophytic lesions in the respiratory tract, recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis poses a considerable burden due to its recurrent nature, frequent need for surgical intervention, and potential impact on respiratory function. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of pediatric recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in the Republic of Moldova, identify high-risk groups, and explore the socioeconomic implications of the disease. Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive observational study was conducted using national data from 198 pediatric patients diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and treated at the Emilian Coțaga Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Clinic between 1981 and 2013. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables were analyzed, including age at onset, sex, incidence, prevalence, and geographic distribution. Statistical analysis included descriptive methods, correlation coefficients, and linear regression models. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel and Python, with significance set at p < 0.05, for the 95% confidence interval. Results. The average annual incidence was approximately 6 new cases, with a peak of 15 in certain years. The estimated prevalence reached 4.2 per 100 thousand children. Most patients were male, and the disease commonly manifested at ages 1 and 4. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between age, sex, and disease onset, particularly in males. Linear regression confirmed the predictive value of demographic variables, though the model’s robustness is limited by sample size. No progression into adulthood was observed, and seasonal or cyclical patterns were not evident. Conclusions. Pediatric recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis in the Republic of Moldova shows a male predominance and early age of onset, with a consistent but relatively low incidence rate. Demographic indicators may aid in identifying at-risk populations, while early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential to prevent complications. Expanding human papillomavirus vaccination coverage remains a critical public health priority. The findings support the need for prospective, multicenter research integrating vaccination status and immunological biomarkers to enhance disease prevention and control strategies.