Abstract:
Community respiratory tract infections are common in clinical practice. Antimicrobial treatment should be promptly administered taking into
account a probable etiology and local patterns of bacterial resistance according to the clinical presentation. Bacterial resistance is widespread, with large
geographical variations related to antibiotics prescription. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are the most frequent pathogens responsible for respiratory
tract infections etiology. We have analyzed 2554 S. pneumoniae strains and 156 H. influenzae strains isolated during 2010-2012, mainly from sputum
(69.2% and 76.7% respectively of total isolated strains). We have observed a high proportion of strains of S. pneumoniae resistant to oxacillin (75.3%), to
co-trimoxazole (62.9%) and to penicillin (62.8%). H. influenzae strains have been resistant to aztreonam in 92.1% of cases and to ampicillin – in 26%.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing has been conducted through Kirby-Bauer technique. The interpretation of the results has been carried out in accordance
with the criteria recommended by NCCLS. In the case of H. influenzae strains the environment Hemophilus test has been selected and in the case of S.
pneumoniae strains the environment based on Agar Mueller Hinton blood has been used. For quality control in determining the sensitivity of strains,
the strains of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and H. influenzae ATCC 49247 have been used.
