Contribuţia polimorfismelor genetice în condiţionarea factorilor antropometrici şi lipidici de risc cardiovascular

Abstract

Background: cardiovascular diseases have a leading place in the morbidity and mortality structure on a global, regional and national level, accounting for about 56% of total mortality in the Republic of Moldova and 26% of premature deaths among people of working age. According to WHO report (2008) regarding noncommunicable diseases profile, the prevalence of obesity in our country is 9.9% in men and 31.0% in women. The National Programme for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases (2014, the Republic of Moldova) has the fundamental objective to increase population’s life expectancy and reduce mortality by 10% until 2020. The impact of cardiovascular disease undermines social and economic development; financial costs for treatment are high and still increasing. The genetic background of cardiovascular risk factors represents 20-60%. Identification of cardiovascular risk factors is crucial because most of them are reversible, therefore, their effects can be reduced. Early identification of undelying polymorphisms may facilitate the initiation of preventive activities. Sources were selected from databases: PUBMED, OMIM and NCBI. Search depth was 10 years. Only works with genomic statistical significance (p < 10-8) were included. The strongest associations with obesity have been established for polymorphisms of the following genes: FTO, MC4R, GNPDA2, THEM18 and for dyslipidemia-CETP, APOB, APOE, LPL. Conclusions: Detailed research of the genetic profile of cardiovascular risk factors in Moldovan people may contribute to proper population stratification in order to develop adjusted approaches for cardiovascular disease prevention and personalized treatment.