Rolul polimorfismului genetic al genelor RAS (ACE, AGTR1) în hipertensiunea arterială esenţială la copii – interacţiuni cu alţi factori de risc

Abstract

Background: Among the factors that affect vascular tone the most important one is renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It is considered that the genes encoding the components of this system are candidate genes with pleiotropic effect that determines genetic predisposition to arterial hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome and risk of cardio-vascular complications. Estimation of the frequency of the polymorph variants of the genes RAS (ACE, AGTR1) in hypertensive children with overweight and their parents; interaction between the polymorphism of the genes, metabolic syndrome and other risk factors were studied. Material and methods: The research included 120 children with overweight/obesity at the age of 10-18 (n= 62 (51.67%) with hypertension and n=58 (48.33%) with normal tension) and 50 children with normal tension and weight (control group), as well as their parents. The polymorphism of the candidate genes was determined through the method of analyses of the amplified fragments length and restricted fragmentțs length polymorphism (RELP). Results: It is revealed a tendency of accumulation of genotypes DD of ACE, CC and AC of AGTR1 in children with hypertension and genotypes ID of ACE and AC of AGTR1 in their parents (p < 0.001). Also, carrying of these genotypes is associated with more advanced degree of obesity, especially abdominal and more strongly marked metabolic disorders. In premature infants the genotype DD (31.71%) of ACE was registered more frequently, but in postmature – the genotype ID (15.63%) (p < 0.05). Passive smoking was registered more frequently in the carriers of genotype DD of ACE (51.22%), as compared to the carriers of the genotype II (26.67%) and ID (25.00%) (p < 0.05). Consuming of more salted and fat containing products is higher in the carriers of genotypes DD of ACE and CC of AGTR1. Conclusion: Identification of the genetic polymorphism of the genes RAS (ACE, AGTR1) together with the diagnosis of the modifiable risk factors will help in finding predictable markers that will contribute to reducing the number of children with arterial hypertension when involved in taking preventive measures.