Background. The blue zone is part of the triage system in the ED, intended for patients with non-critical, hemodynamically stable conditions, requiring prompt medical evaluation and symptomatic treatment. Emergency ...

Background. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a global prevalence between 10- 30%. The RSS-12 questionnaire (Reflux Symptom Score – 12 items) has a sensitivity of 85- 90% and specificity of 80-85% for assessing ...

Background. Shock in the trauma patient remains one of the most life-threatening medical emergencies, requiring rapid identification, complex intervention, and interdisciplinary coordination. Without effective treatment, ...

Background. Systemic sclerosis is a diffuse connective tissue disorder with immunemediated pathogenesis, marked by skin fibrosis, multisystem involvement, associated with obliterative microangiopathy. Coexisting autoimmune ...

Background. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, dependent on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication, causes the most aggressive form of chronic viral hepatitis. Despite its significant clinical impact, HDV remains ...

Background. The digitalization of emergency medical services is becoming essential in the context of the increase in the volume of patients and the complexity of the cases treated. The integration of information systems ...

Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive biological subtype of breast cancer (BC), with an incidence of about 10-15% of all BC. It frequently develops in women under 40 years of age, with a ...

Background. Secondary Sjögren syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis was identified as a common autoimmune complication in women, damaging joints and quality of life. Its prevalence increased with age, yet age-specific clinical ...

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, characterized by repeated episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) collapse of the upper airway. More epidemiological and clinical ...

Background. Acute abdomen (AA) remains one of the most common and challenging emergencies encountered in medical practice in Emergency Department (ED). Prompt recognition and early treatment are crucial to reduce morbidity ...