VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND IMMUNE MODULATION

Abstract

Introduction. Vitamin D (vit. D) is a lipid soluble micronutrition. It influences various physiological functions including growth, bone strengthening, calcium and phosphate homeostasis, along with PTH, and immune modulations. The purpose of work. To elucidate the mechanisms by which vit. D regulates immunity, in order to improve diagnosis and to develop effective treatment methods. Materi al and methods. A literature review was conducted using databases from the last 5 years, using 5 sources, including those from the electronic libraries such as PubMed, Medline, Medscape, Hinari, and Biomed Centra. Results. Various experimental studies explained that airway epithelium and alveolar macrophages, which are part of the innate immune system, contain the enzyme CYP27B1, which converts vit. D into its active metabolite – calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3). Calcitriol strengthens the immune system’s defenses against bacterial and viral illnesses. In adaptive immune system the VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND IMMUNE MODULATION Noushad Juguma Harees, Veronica Sardari, Roman Munteanu Scientific adviser: Veronica Sardari Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolae Testemițanu University circulating form of vit. D is bound with vit. D-binding protein (DBP), which carries and is presented to the immune cells where the vit. D binds to the vit. D receptor (VDR) on the cell surface, inducing the vit. D signaling and inhibits dendritic cells (DCs) maturation, which lessens their capacity to expose T lymphocytes to antigens. The deficiency of vitamin D increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. Conclusions. The equilibrium of both innate and adaptive immunity is preserved by vitamin D. Although the mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, studies have demonstrated that disruption of vitamin D metabolism, change in DBP and VDR, and vitamin D deprivation may increase the risk of autoimmune disorder devel oping. Further thorough research is required to elucidate the precise molecular process and underlying mechanisms.