Screening and prevention of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background. A severe chronic autoimmune disease, that occurs because of destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Early screening and prevention play an important role in attenuating the onset and progression of this chronic disease and prevent life threatening complications such as Diabetes ketoacidosis Objective of the study. Evaluation of the current methodological early screening and prevention of type 1 diabetes and exploring the new advancements of technologies to identify high risk individuals and provide timely interaction. A detailed review of the latest literature on genetic markers and autoantibodies testing, and factors that contributing to diabetes mellitus type 1. Material and methods. Bibliographic sources were analyzed using the NCBI platform, PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical journals. Results. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain viral pathogens triggers the autoimmune process and dietary components play a role in onset of the disease. Providing early education on importance of prevention of Diabetes mellitus is critical. Genetic markers such as HLA genotypes and presence of specific autoantibodies are markers for predicting the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The immune modulation therapies such as Teplizumab and rituximab being a much-advanced monoclonal antibodies, can delay the progression of type 1 diabetes in highly risked individuals by preserving the function of beta cells. Futuristic technological advancements in monitoring continuous glucose levels and insulin delivery systems such as closed loop insulin pumps have enhanced the level of ability of maintain optimal blood glucose levels. Conclusion. Much comprehensive and well dedicated approach to screening and prevention is vital. Proactive interventions and early detection of disease can improve the prognosis for at risk individuals.