De Garengeot hernia

Abstract

Background. De Garengeot hernia is a femoral hernia that contains an appendix. It is a rare type of hernia described by René-Jacques Croissant De Garengeot in 1731. It is also known as femoral appendicitis or femoral hernia appendix or crural hernia appendix. Objective of the study. Searching for specialized literature and analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical features, and management in the case of De Garengeot hernia. Material and methods. Examination of publications from PubMed and Google Scholar reported during the period 2013-2023. Results. Literature analysis allowed us to identify 112 articles reported. An entrapment of the appendix into the femoral hernia is called a De Garengeot hernia. This hernia appears almost exclusively on the right side. It has a female predominance with age from 60–70 years. Symptoms presented are like other incarcerated femoral hernias (pain and bulge in the groin area with tenderness; sometimes erythema can be seen over the hernia). Diagnosis is mostly intraoperative or pre diagnosis of other diseases when doing abdominal CT or MRI. Sensitivity for the CT scans is 70%, coronal and sagittal reconstructions have been shown to aid in the reliable identification and classification of these femoral hernias by experienced radiologists. In most cases emergency surgical treatment open or laparoscopic is done. Authors highlight the usefulness of laparoscopy as a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this presentation of femoral hernias. Conclusion. A vermiform appendix within a femoral hernia has been known as De Garengeot’s hernia. It is an infrequent entity which appears almost exclusively on the right side, mainly in females. The awareness of the disease and the more frequent use of CT scan imaging may increase the pre-operative diagnosis rate. The best surgical approach for a De Garengeot’s hernia is not defined nor standardized.