Neuro-endocrine tumor of pancreas

Abstract

Background. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a type of endocrine tumor that originates in the pancreas and are among the most common. They can produce a wide range of peptide hormones, including insulin, gastrin, glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which cause a variety of clinical symptoms. Objective of the study. Analysis of incidence, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PNETs. Material and methods. The study is based on an investigation of bibliographical sources published in PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar from 2009 to 2019, as well as a retrospective review of 25 patients diagnosed with pNETs at our institution between 2012 and 2023. Results. PNETs are generally classified as functional or nonfunctional. Insulinomas, gastrinomas, glucagonomas, vasoactive intestinal peptideomas, and somatostatinomas are all examples of functional PNET. Nonfunctional PNETs are often clinically inactive until a significant mass effect occurs. To appropriately diagnose PNETs, endocrine testing, imaging, and histological evidence are all required. Surgery remains the only treatment for early-stage sickness, even though the best clinical management of PNETs requires a multimodal approach. Out of 25 examined patients, 19 were hormone inactive, 5 had insulinomas, and 1 had gastrinoma. All underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions. While some individuals may have symptoms due to elevated hormone production from a functional tumor, most PNETs are non-functional. New surgical procedures utilizing laparoscopic approaches to difficult pancreatic resections is a significant improvement in surgical therapy.