The role of the gut health in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Recent research has claimed a potential link between intestinal disorders and AD, suggesting that gut health may play a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Objective of the study. Assessment of the potential links, mechanisms, and implications of gut disorders in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Material and methods. The 26 scientific papers and textbooks from academic platforms as PubMed, Medline, Hinari, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science published in the last 10 years, were analyzed. Results. The findings suggest a significant association between gastrointestinal disorders and the development of AD. Chronic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune system dysregulation may contribute to AD. Gut disorders can impair nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals that support cognitive function. Malnutrition and deficiencies in vitamins such as B12 and D have been associated with an increased risk of AD. Microbiome alterations can affect brain health through the production of neuroactive compounds and modulation of the immune system. Dysbiosis has been linked to increased amyloid-beta deposition and tau pathology, hallmark features of AD. Disruption of the gut-brain axis due to gut disorders can lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Conclusions. Multiple studies have demonstrated the possible connection between gut conditions, which include inflammation, nutrient absorption, microbiome status, the involvement of the gut-brain axis in the development and progression of AD. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could open up new possibilities in the prevention and more effective treatment of AD.