Abstract:
Introduction. Mandibular third molar impaction remains a current topic of dentistry due to the
frequent complications it causes and contradictions in treatment behavior.
Aim of the study. The aim of the paper is to establish the attitude and tactics of surgical
treatment of lower molar inclusion. According to Rock and Elsey third mandibular molar
impaction meets 73% of young people. Many theories of inclusion of mandibular M3 have been
proposed: phylogenetic, mendelian, nodin, endocrine, but the most popular is the insufficient
development of retromolar space. Some authors claim that M3 extraction should only be
performed when complications may occur, others say that M3 should be extracted if there are no
contraindications, but Martin Kunkel is the advocate of the prophylactic extraction of the third
molar.
Materials and methods. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the frequency of inclusion of
three mandibular molars and their relationship with neighboring anatomical formations was
evaluated. There were statistically processed data of medical records and radiographic
examination. This study was axed on 565 patients treated in the University Dental Clinic nr.2. Of
these, 263 patients were selected: 108 patients with M3 impacted and 156 patients with M3
apparently erupted in the correct position. We noticed that M3 inclusion is most common among
young people aged 18-25, predominantly female. The most common complication caused by M3
was pericoronaritis, followed by M2 caries.
Results. This study concluded that prophylactic extraction at a young age leads to the reduction
of postoperative complications and faster regeneration of the tissues. Paraclinic examination is
indispensable in determining the mandibular M3 ratio with neighboring anatomical elements,
correct diagnosis and treatment tactics. The degree of difficulty in extracting mandibular M3
varies greatly: sometimes it is simple as a regular extraction; but sometimes, extraction is
extremely difficult due to deep inclusion, bleeding, tooth shape, posterior posture and tooth
decay.
Conclusions. We recommend practicing the extraction procedure of M3 only by specialists in
domain that possess both practical and theoretical abilities.
