Obesity – the main problem responsible for metabolic disorders

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization has identified obesity as a global epidemic problem, during the last decades the number of cases, which suffer from it - has grown very fast, as well in our country. It is the most significant cause of damage to the health. It became a public health issue due to the prevalence, costs and its effects. All attention and efforts are geared towards understanding and correcting environmental factors responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity among the population. Materials and Methods: In this project were investigated 80 persons with obesity. The control group consisted of 20 normal weight persons. Depending on the obesity degree, estimated by calculating the BMIs, the patients were divided in 4 groups: I group - 20 patients with overweight, II group - 20 patients with I degree of obesity, III group – 20 patients with II degree of obesity, IV group - 20 patientswith III degree of obesity. The basal glycemia was dosed by using the gluco-oxidasic method. Analysis of the lipid profile consisted of the determination of total cholesterol (Col), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-col), triglycerides (Trig), determining the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL col) and very- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL). The obtained data assessment was performed with the „StatsDirect” statistical program. Results: The analysis shows a high rise of glycemia (p<0.001) along with the increasing degree of obesity and abdominal circumference values (AC). The positive interrelationship of body mass index (BMIs), AC with values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glycemia, although low, but reliable, attests an existing risk for developing hypertension (HPN) and diabetes in obese patients, which is dependent on the gravity and type of obesity. Comparative research of lipid metabolism parameters in obese individuals attest a considerable increase of TGI, VLDL and decrease of HDL in patients with II and III level of obesity (p=0.05; p=0.002) compared to overweight patients. The cholesterol and of LDL values show a statistically reliable increase in groups of obese patients compared to control group (p<0.0001) but no indicative changes have been registered while performing a comparative research of both groups. It was discovered a highly significant correlation between AC and concentration of Trig, as well as a negative correlation with HDL concentration. Conclusion: Obesity is the main trigger factor, which will lead to HPN increase and impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The positive correlation of BMIs, AC with the values of SBP, DBP, glycemia, TGI and negative correlation with HDL, although low, but reliable,can cause development of HPN, diabetes and dyslipidemia in obese patients.