The hygienic appreciation of the noise

Abstract

The ”noise pollution” represents the presence of noise in the environment, which causes discomfort. From the physical point of view, noise is a succession of sounds with different frequencies and intensities. The noise is based on the sound, which can be defined as the change in pressure detected by the human ear. Sound is a vibratile phenomenon, which broadcast as waves, and it is transmitted through different media at different speeds. Sounds can be simple or compound, harmonic or disharmonic. From the medical point of view, noise is any sound that causes discomfort for the human body. Noise pollution has a negative impact on the entire human body, causing from mild fatigue to serious neurotic states and even auditory organ trauma. The most affected because of the noise is the neurovegetative balance. People get tired faster, get nervous, sleep disturbances occur, headache, permanent migraines, loss of appetite and anemia. After a certain period of time, the persistent noise can affect circulatory functions, heart rate and blood pressure, can cause stomach neurosis. Other consequences of noise are states of fear and discomfort, malaise and diminishing attention. Injuries caused by noise concerns eardrum rupture or damage of the organ of Corti. Auditory organs are in a strong link with the central nervous system, in this way different types of noise can affect any tissue of the body.

Methods and materials. For noise measurements we used the sound meter RIFT-004 which allows mobile and dynamic noise assessment of the external environment. Measurements conducted inChisinau on the trolleybus route 22, which are represented in the table below show that the noise level exceeds accepted standards and sanitary norms.

Discussion results. Measuring and calculating the average noise levels are made in accordance with SM GOST 31296.2-2006 (ISO 1996-2:2007), IDT ” Noise. Description, measurement and assessment of noise.” According to the legislation the maximum level of noise pollution must not exceed 70 dB. We conducted two sets of measurements-one in a rest day and the second in a working day. In both cases we attest overruns of the background noise in Chisinau areas.

Conclusion: It is important to implement some measures to combat the background noise, such as keeping windows in closed position and limiting the exhibition to noise action. In this way we can prevent negative action of the noise on the human body.