Circadian desynchrony in shift work

Abstract

The circadian clock is one of the most important mechanism of human body that coordinates biological rhythms with environmental changes in the day-night cycle. It influences hormones, behavior, cognitive function, metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis and response to genotoxic stress. The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., the next dates was in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, but near our days discovered the first mammalian circadian clock mutation using mice in 1994. In circadian literature, synchronization means that rhythms display a 24 h period but may not necessarily be in the right phase, for example, abnormally delayed or advanced. We are diurnal species, so we are active during the day and sleep during the night. But exist specific categories of people with morning diurnal preference (larks) and evening preference (owls). Their internal biological clock adapted and work in own specific mode. Deviation from the normal mode leads to desynchronization of the circadian clock, for example among shift workers. Shift work is work that takes place on a schedule outside the traditional 8 am – 6 pm day. It can involve evening or night shifts, early morning shifts, and rotating shifts. Many reviewers have been published regarding the subjective perceptions, health, performance and psychological aspects of shift work. Of course it is Associated with a number of health problems. This research concentrate on shift work in relation to desynchrony of biological clock and it’s impact on the function of the liver. Through the physiologic and biologic methods I obtained that the level of glucose in blood through 24 hours changes concerning the schedule of work. Presumably, permanent shift work causes hypoglycemia. This causes metabolic disorders and finally diabetes. In this study how future propose is to evaluate the health and circadian rhythm of medical workers. It is necessary to evaluate the schedule of shift work in medical service. The most numerically important shift work conditions in medicine are irregular night shifts (sometimes nights and sometimes days) and rotating schedules. Most permanent or long-term night shift workers in medicine can not adapt their circadian system to the imposed work schedule. A recent meta-analysis of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythms in permanent night workers indicates that only a small percentage (<3%) shows complete circadian adaptation, information by Josephine Arendt, Centre for Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford. Thus, the vast majority of shift workers in medical service will be working during their circadian time-off and trying to sleep during periods of maximum alertness. The curtailment of sleep when taken during the day in shift workers is well documented and is a cause of sleep deprivation, that need to evaluate better. Finally we suppose a lot of deregulation of the health state of medical workers caused by the deregulation of the circadian rhythm connected with the occupational stress and incorrect schedule.