Abstract:
Introduction. The mechanical jaundice of benign origin (MJB) may be caused by a variety of
affections: biliary lithiasis, benign strictures of bile ducts, gall bladder abnormalities, chronic
pancreatitis, iatrogenic lesions, etc. The treatment of the cause that is at the origin of jaundice is
the main objective.
Aim of the study. Evaluation of the scientific bibliographic sources referred to mechanical
jaundice of benign origin.
Materials and methods. The study presents the magazine of literature (PubMed, School google,
etc.)
Results. The diverse etiology of MJB requires a systematic and complex investigation to
establish the diagnosis. Contemporary diagnosis includes clinical assessment, oriented imagistic
diagnosis and topical imagistic diagnosis, which assures identification of etiology, level and
degree of biliary tree affection. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography represents the gold standard in contemporary
diagnosis. The magnetic-nuclear resonance cholangiography is an expensive but advantageous
method. The hepatobiliary sequence scintigraphy provides information on hepatic function in the
presence of jaundice and is useful for highlighting the biliodigestive communications. MJB
treatment is a surgical emergency, and the rate of postoperative complications and lethality is
quite high, that’s why it is required the preoperative decompression of biliary tree. Thus in the 1
stage, it is solved the jaundice and gallbladder infection by means of mini-invasive technologies,
and in the 2 stage the intervention aiming at the disobstruction of the biliary tree and the
prevention of relapses. In cholestatic lithiasis complicated with jaundice, the authors recommend
sphincterotomy with litextraction and jaundice coupling, then in the stage 2 laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. For benign strictures of the main biliary tract, iatrogenic lesions, are indicated
the derivations on jejunal ansa excluded in Roux-en-Y.
Conclusions. MJB diagnosis is complex and will include several consecutive stages. The
surgical treatment resides in the etiopathogenesis of MJ and it is frequently anticipated by a
mini-invasive method of biliary decompression.
