A systematic literature review of hereditary aspects of ovarian cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Every year, worldwide, are registered 10 million new cases of cancer and 6.2 million deaths over the cancer. About 5 to 40 % of malignant tumors of all anatomical locations have a genetic etiology, and this percentage is growing due to increased general morbidity. So far, in the literature there are described over 200 hereditary cancer syndromes, for 35% of which are fully described the primary molecular defects or localisation of chromosomal mutation, and DNA diagnosis has become a routine method of investigation for genetic diagnosis. Ovarian cancer also refers to these pathologies. Ovarian cancer ranks 7th in the incidence of malignant tumors that can occur in women, with peak incidence between 40 and 65 years. A woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer is 1,4 - 1,8%, with an annual incidence of approximately 57.3 / 100,000 women who reach the age of 75-79 years, representing the fifth leading cause of death cancer in women, and 5-year survival rate for all stages is between 35- 38%.

Materials and methods: we study the articles, publications and scientific literature specific for this topic.

Discussion and results: Morphological obvious of the intraepithelial carcinoma in fallopian tubes showed that glandular serous epithelium of the distal fallopian tube is the origin of anatomical primary disease in most hereditary ovarian carcinomas type II, then, it seems that the identification of intraepithelial tubal carcinoma with relatively non - invasive and in situ methods, by molecular imaging could lead to an improvement in primary and secondary prevention of diseases. Approximately 5-10% of ovarian cancers develop due to genetic predisposition, by mutations of the BRCA1 gene (17q) and BRCA2 gene (13q) - forming a combination of ovarian and breast cancer, hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Other genetic mutations involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer are changes in metalloproteinases, in PTEN, TP53. Around 60% of cases of serous ovarian cancer in stage III and IV are related to have mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene.

Conclusion: By investigating mutations in ovarian cancers genetically determined, we could increase survival by performing prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy to susceptible persons.