Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes according to the degree and type of obesity

Abstract

Introduction. By 2025, worldwide, approximately 300 million people is estimated to have type 2 diabetes. In 72-85% of cases the type 2 diabetes is Associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, the important cardiovascular risk factor. It is characterized by elevated levels of TG, LDL-C and decreased level of HDL-C.

Objective of the study. Comparative analysis of the atherogenic lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the degree and type of their obesity.

Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study was realized on 194 patients with type 2 diabetes, hospitalized in Republican Clinical Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, during february 2015-january 2016.

Results. The study included 83 men (42.8%) and 111 women (57.2%) with mean age of 56.2 ± 0.4 years and mean duration of diabetes of 10.5 ± 0.3 years. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to BMI: normal weight-25 patients (12.8%), overweight-52 patients (26.8%), obesity grade 1-63 patients (32.5%), obesity grade 2-39 patients (20.1%), obesity grade 3-15 patients (7.7%). The lipid profile of the groups was: to the group with normal weight: TG = 2.06 ± 0.05 mmol / l, LDL-c = 4.3 ± 0.08 mmol/l, HDL-c = 1.079 ± 0.01 mmol/l. Group with overweight: TG = 3.11 ± 0.16 mmol/l, LDL-C = 5.25 ± 0.14 mmol/l, HDL-C 1.04 ± 0.02 mmol/l. Obesity grade 1: TG = 3.69 ± 0.22 mmol/l, LDL-C = 5.62 ± 0.13 mmol/l, HDL-c = 1.002 ± 0.03 mmol/l. Obesity grade 2: TG = 4.47 ± 0.18 mmol/l, LDLC 6.51 ± 0.10 mmol/l, HDL-C 0.99 ± 0.02 mmol/l. Obesity grade 3: TG 6.31 ± 0.29 mmol/l, LDL-C = 7.42 ± 0.45 mmol/l, HDL-C 0.76 ± 0.02 mmol/l. So, a statistically significant difference was obtained (p <0.001) between the degree of obesity according to the lipid panel. Also the atherogenic index was calculated, which tended to increase depending on the degree of obesity, the highest value recorded to obesity grade 3 = 14.70 ± 0.91. From the total amount, 122 patients (62.8%) have android obesity and 72 patients (37.2%) have gynoid obesity. Each group of 5 was divided into 2 subgroups according to type of obesity: android or gynoid. A statistically significant difference was obtained (p <0.05) between subgroups according to lipid profile.

Conclusions. In the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes exist the difference according to BMI, a great severity of dyslipidemia is directly proportional to the degree of obesity. The type of obesity it's very important, more serious disorders of lipoprotein metabolism is registered in patients with android obesity.