Etiology, clinical features and methods of treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralization

Abstract

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as hypomineralization of systemic origin, affecting 1 to 4 permanent molars and it is often Associated with enamel defects in perma-nent incisors. The MIH term was firstly introduced by Weerheijm in 2001. It has been proved that MIH prevalence varies between 2,8 and 40% and that this condition can be determined by the influence of several prenatal and postnatal factors between the 18th week of pregnancy and 3-5 years of age. The objective of the study is to describe the etiological factors, clinical features of hypomineralized enamel and treatment methods in molar incisor hypomineralization.

Materials and methods: 10 subjects were evaluated clinically and paraclinically, and at a separate session, their parents completed a medical history questionnaire and adhesive composite treatment was provided.

Discussion results: Although the MIH etiology is multifactorial, including prenatal and postnatal factors and it has not been fully understood yet, children born preterm and those suffering various systemic pathologies during the first 3 years, are more likely to develop MIH. Clinical features in MIH include demarcated yellow, white or brown opacities, usually located on the buccal and occlu-sal surfaces. The lesions on the molars are more extensive and hypersensitivity may be Associated, which can lead to difficulties in toothbrushing. MIH affected teeth are more fragile, therefore caries may develop easily. The methods of treatment include topical fluoride varnish applications and composite restorations.

Conclusions: MIH affected teeth may lead to tooth structure loss and caries development. Early diagnosis and treatment of MIH is important due to the significant role of the permanent molars in development of the occlusion.