Retroperitoneal sarcomas (literature review)

Abstract

Background. Sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, constituting 1-2% of all solid tumors. Their prognosis is reserved with a 5-year survival rate of 36-58%, and the recurrence rate being 50-60%. The basic treatment for TRP is surgery. Objective of the study. The assessment of clinical and paraclinical particularities of retroperitoneal sarcomas, as well as the methods of treatment and its prognosis. Material and Methods. Collected data from scientific specialty literature, that were found in Google Scholar Search, and from published studies on PubMed, Scopus, International practice clinic guidlines. The including criteria was the articles that contained the topic of “Retroperitoneal tumors”. Results. Were analyzed 38 articles in the period of 2019-2020 that contained the topic of “Retroperitoneal sarcomas”. SRP were localized in 76% of patients in the retroperitoneal perirenal space. The most frequent histological type was liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma was found only in 5- 10% of cases. The CT scan has a rate of diagnostic accuracy of 97% in the case of TRP.Usually intraoperative the sarcoma is seen with an irregular contour, being of a high density and affecting the surrounding tissue and neighbor organs. The recurrence rate after combined surgical treatment and chemotherapy or radiotherapy is usually of 14%. Conclusion. Liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma found only in 5-10% of cases. The CT scan is the gold standard of diagnostics, the 5-year survival rate is of 36-58%, found usually after a surgical, chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment, with a relapse rate of 50-60%. Introducere: Sarcoamele sunt tumori maligne cu origine mezenchimală, constituind 1-2% din toate tumorile solide. Prognosticul acestora este rezervat, speranța de viață la 5 ani fiind de 36-58%. Deși rar metastazează, rata recidivelor este de 50-60%. Tratamentul de bază al TRP este chirurgical. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea particularităţilor clinice, paraclinice ale tratamentului şi prognosticul sarcoamelor retroperitoneale. Material și Metode. S-au studiat datele literaturii științifice de specialitate, identificate de motorul de căutare Google Search și din bazele de date PubMed, Scopus, Protocoale clinice internaționale. Criteriile de includere a articolelor au fost „tumorile retroperitoneale”. Rezultate. Au fost procesate 38 de articole, anii 2019-2020 privind sarcoamele retroperitoneale. SRP la 76% pacienţi au avut localizare în spațiul retroperitoneal perirenal. Cea mai frecventă formă histologică este liposarcomul, iar leiomiosarcomul fiind cea mai rară de 5-10%. Tomografia computerizată are o rată de precizie de 97% a TRP; intraoperator au contur neregulat, consistenţă densă cu implicarea ţesuturilor şi organelor adiacente. Rata de recidivă după tratamentul chirurgical este de 50%- 60%. Concluzii. Liposarcomul este cea mai frecventă formă histologică, iar leiomiosarcomul fiind cea mai rară de 5-10%. CT este standartul de aur de diagnostic, iar tratamentul chirurgical, chimioterapic sau radioterapic oferă o rată de supravieţuire la 5 ani de 36-58%, rata recidivării fiind de 50-60%.