Factori implicaţi în iniţierea consumului de alcool la adolescenţi în Republica Moldova

Abstract

Background: Underage drinking contributes to the 3 leading causes of death (homicide, suicide, and unintentional injury) among persons aged 12 to 20 years. Most adverse health effects from underage drinking are from acute intoxication resulting from binge drinking. The study's aim was to obtain data about factors that could influence alcohol consumption and binge drinking in teenagers. [5] Methods: We analyzed data that was generated by pupils and students aged 14-19, through an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was a standard one, ESPAD, adapted to the Republic of Moldova, but originally created in The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. It was used the crosstab function with the Chi square criteria to see if it is possible to calculate a valid Spearman rho correlation coefficient, which was necessary for appreciating the degree of correlation. Results: We found a low degree of correlation (± 0,09 to ± 0,3, with p<0.05) between the frequency of drinking in the past 30 days, and some parameters as the frequency of playing at PC, frequency of reading with pleasure a book, the level of pleasure, friendship, relaxation, happiness that will be felt after alcohol consumption. Other parameters that showed correlation with the frequency of drinking in the past 30 days and binge drinking was: the capability to forget all the problems, a low degree of awareness of the harmful effect of alcohol, smoking by the responder or from the close surroundings, a low degree of implication by the parents in the free time, and establishment of rules. Conclusions: was obtained data that generated some hypothesis for future prospective studies: the age of initiation of alcohol consumption as a possible protective factor, increasing the awareness of harm from alcohol could be a the factor of protection, a healthy psychological family environment (with rules, and implication in free time) as protective factor, creating factors that could influence the attitude towards alcohol consumption and smoking among peers as the factor of protection. Playing on PC is a negative factor that correlates with alcohol consumption and binge drinking.

Actualitatea: Consumul de alcool printre minori contribuie la cele 3 cauze top de deces (leziuni accidentale, omucidere, sinucidere) printre persoanele cu vârsta între 12 şi 20 ani. Majoritatea efectelor adverse ce afectează sănătatea minorilor ce abuzează de alcool sunt de la intoxicaţia acută rezultată prin consum excesiv într-o perioadă scurtă de timp. [5] Material şi metode: Am analizat datele generate de adolescenţi în vârstă de 14-19 ani, printr-un chestionar anonim. Chestionarul era unul standard, ESPAD, adaptat pentru Republica Moldova, dar creat original în European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Am folosit funcţia crosstab şi criteriul Chi pătrat ca să vedem dacă e posibil de calculate un coefficient rho Spearman valid, care este necesar pentru aprecierea nivelului de corelaţie. Rezultate: am găsit un nivel slab de corelare (± 0,09 la ± 0,3, cu p<0.05) între frecvenţa consumului de alcool în ultimele 30 zile, şi aşa parametri ca: frecvenţa jocului la calculator, frecvenţa citirii unei cărţi, nivelul de relaxare, prietenie, plăcere şi bucurie resimţit după consum de alcool. Alţi parametri care au corelat cu frecvenţa consumului de alcool în ultimele 30 zile precum şi utilizarea unimomentan a mai mult de 5 unităţi de alcool au fost: capacitatea de a uita de probleme, un nivel scăzut de conştientizare a pericolului alcoolului, fumatul de către respondent cât şi colegi de vârstă, uitarea tuturor problemelor, un nivel scăzut de implicare a părinţilor în timpul liber şi în stabilirea regulilor. Concluzii: au fost obţinute date care au generat câteva ipoteze pentru studiile viitoare: vârsta de iniţiere a consumului de alcool ca factor de protecţie, creşterea nivelului de conştientizare a daunelor alcoolului ca factor de protecţie, un mediu psihologic familial sănătos (cu reguli şi implicare în timpul liber) ca factor de protecţie, crearea de factori ce ar influenţa atitudinea vis-a-vis de consumul de alcool şi fumat printre colegi de aceeaşi vârstă – ca factor de protecţie. Joaca la calculatorul de masă ca factor negativ ce corelează cu consumul de alcool şi abuzul de alcool.