The clinical anatamomy of heart. The cord rapport with back muscles and column spine

Abstract

Introduction: The heart is the engine of the body, being one of the main organs of the human body, placed in the median region of thorax. The heart is placed in the centre of the circulatory system, being a muscular organ which pumps blood in the human body. The circulatory system consists of arteries, veins and capillaries, which carry the blood from and to body regions. Purpose and Objectives: To understand the great importance of the heart at clinical level and to apply the topographic anatomical knowledge about the vascularization and innervation of the heart and the influence of some muscule formation on the heart. Results: The heart is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. It is situated in the mediastinum and has a triangular pyramid or a flattened cone shape, placed on the diaphragm. The heart axis is directed obliquely downward, toward the left. The heart wall is made of 3 layers, each one consisting of some neurovascular formations. They are of great importance. Arterial vascularization is provided by the coronary arteries, which originate in the right and left aortic sinuses. The big coronary arteries run on the surface of the the heart and give subendocardial branches. The irigation of the heart is made in diastole. The coronary arteries are classified as “end circulation”, with little anostomoses between branches. The heart vascularization scheme: The right coronary artery: the inferior and posterior wall of the left ventricle, 1/2 posterior of the septum, the side wall of the right ventricle. Circumflex artery: the side wall of the the left ventricle. The anterior artery: the anterior wall of the left ventricle and ‘/2 anterior of the septum. In the right ventricle the veins open. The left ventricle: at the level of the right and left semilunar valves is the origin of the coronary arteries. The veins are organized in a superficial and a deep system. The heart is innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. The lymphatic drainage is assured by 3 plexus in the thracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph. It is important to understand the heart rapport with the spinal column, the ribs and back muscles. For the left ventricle, is projected at the T8-T9 level, the right auricle is projected at the second rib cartilage, the left one at the level of the third rib cartilage. Conclusion: It is important to know the vascularization and innervation of the heart at clinical level and at surgical level. In cases of disorders of this system we can detect pathologies.