Non-scarring alopecia - clininico-diagnostic and treatment synthesis

Abstract

Introduction: Hair loss (alopecia) is a very common patient problem and often a significant source of patient distress. An accurate diagnosis can frequently be difficult. A rational, organized approach is crucial, as therapy is dictated by the appropriate diagnosis. The first task of the physician is to address the patients’ concerns fully, exploring the impact of alopecia on psychosocial well-being. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is by far the most common cause of hair loss. It affects approximately 50% of men by the age of 50 and 20% to 53% of women by the age of 50. Although it is a medically benign condition, it can have a significant psycho-social impact for patients. Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the hair follicle and sometimes the nail. About 20% of people with alopecia areata have a family history of the disease indicating a genetic predisposition. The prognosis is less favorable when onset occurs during childhood and in ophiasis. The risk of developing alopecia areata in life is 2%. Telogen effluvium (ET) is probably the second most common form of hair loss. The number of secondary causes that can cause ET is growing. The aim of the study: Evaluation o f the anamnesis, clinical course and treatment of nonscarring alopecia and confrontation data reviewed in literature with my study. Materials and methods: For observations were subjected 44 patients, 10 with alopecia areata, 14 with androgenetic alopecia and 20 with telogen effluvium. Prospective analysis: Clinical examination was performed selectively in outpatient. Patients were subjected to the following tests: 1. A contrast paper test 2. Pull test: To determine the ongoing activity of hair loss. 3. Trichogram/pluck test: The trichogram/ pluck test is another method of assessing hair loss 4. Light microscopic examination of hairs Results: At the end of the observation period was noticed the characteristic differential features of each disorder. Conclusions: The majority of common hair disorders can be readily diagnosed in the physician’s office through the recognition of the characteristic differential features of each disorder. The first task of the physician is to acknowledge the patient’s concerns and have an empathetic approach to the problem of hair loss. The diagnosis depends upon a combination of findings obtained from meticulous history, physical examination and any necessary investigations. An organized diagnostic and management strategy will help both to identify the cause of alopecia and to direct therapy.