The extended forms of pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

Introduction The extended forms of tuberculosis is a life-threatening disease resulting from the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Purpose Study of the predisposing factors and peculiarities of the clinical evolution of extended forms of pulmonary TB. Material and methods In 2018-2019 in Municipal Clinical Hospital Phthisiopneumology, Chisinau were treated 65 patients with extended forms, new cases and previously treated cases. Results The predominant age was 20-40 years – 39 (60.0%) cases. Male/female ratio being 5.5: 1. The main TB detection pathway was active - 64 (98.5%) patients. The majority (66.2%) of the persons were not employed. In contact with TB patients had 28 (43.1%) cases, 11 (39.3%) people were from death outbreaks and 8 (28.7%) relative contacts. Disseminated TB were in 14(21,5%) cases, extended infiltrates – 34 (52,3%), fibro-cavernous TB – 17 (26,2%). The majority of patients were confirmed by the bacteriological method - 61 (93.9%) cases. Negative results of treatment predominated, with a high rate of deaths - 27 (41.6%) cases. Conclusions Diagnosis is difficult owing to its nonspecific clinical picture and the limited tools for confirmatory laboratory diagnosis. Improved awareness of this disorder and associated trends might improve a clinician's index of suspicion and lead to a better diagnostic approach.