Characteristics of arrhytmias in aortic valve disease

Abstract

Introduction: Aortic valve disease and arrhythmias are two conditions associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aortic valve disease is often associated with atrial fibrillation the prevalence of which is estimated at 0.4% in general population. A thromboembolic complication in valvular-atrial fibrillation is of 17.5% and in the nonvalvular is about 5% annually. Purpose and objectives: Estimating the characteristics of arrhythmias in aortic valve disease. Material and Methods: The study included 56 patients with aortic valve disease, hospitalized in the Cardiology Department Nb. 4 of the Cardiological Institute, including 35 patients with aortic stenosis (SA) and 21 - with aortic regurgitation (RA). The procedure included the estimation of clinical and paraclinical parameters. For statistical processing of data were applied to the set of programs Microsoft Excel and "t" test - Student. Results: From the history of patients we found degenerative etiology present in 25 (44.63%) patients, rheumatic - 22 (39.29%), endocarditis - 5 (8.92%), congenital (bicuspid) - 3 (5.35%) and Marfan syndrome in only 1 (1.78%) case. Distribution of patients by performing electrocardiographic route mentioned the presence of arrhythmias in 56 (100%) patients and conduction disorders in 41 (73.21%) cases. The most frequent alteration of rhythm in both study groups was the atrial fibrillation in 18 (51.43%) cases of SA and 5 (23.81%) of RA. Ventricular ectopic beats were ranked second in the group with SA - 11 (31.42%) of patients, whereas in the group with RA joined the rarest - 2 (9.5%). Atrial extrasystoles were noted with a higher preponderance in RA - 5 (23.81%) patients than in SA - 2 (5.71%). Atrial flutter in patients with RA prevailed with 4 (19.04%) of cases, and in those with SA - only 2 (5.71%) of cases. Conclusion: The study of features of arrhythmias in aortic valve disease has predominantly established the degenerative etiology. It was observed the prevalence of atrial Fibrillation, both in patients with aortic stenosis, as well as in those with aortic regurgitation.