Study of contemporary literature on the topic of “Pediatric abdominal tumors”

Abstract

Background: Abdominal cancers are seen very infrequently in patients younger than 15 years, and most of the evidence is derived from case series. As the treatment for childhood cancer has improved dramatically over the past three decades, most children diagnosed with cancer today survive this illness. Material of study: Abdominal cancers include adrenocortical tumors, carcinomas of the stomach, cancer of the pancreas, colorectal carcinomas, carcinoid tumors, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Tumors in the abdomen usually don't create many obvious symptoms, especially when they're in the early stages. If the mass grows or spreads, a person may experience swelling and pain, diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, bad breath, and digestive problems. A malignancy may also cause fatigue, fever, and blood in the stool. Some types of tumors have more specific symptoms associated with them: for instance, people with liver masses often become jaundiced, and those with ovarian cancer may have painful menstruation or pain during intercourse. Likewise, those with bladder growths may have a hard time urinating, and those with kidney cysts often have high blood pressure. Result: One of the most common abdominal tumor in pediatric is the renal tumor (Wilm’s tumor), which is found in 45% of patient with incidence of 8 cases per million of children under the age 15. And mutations of the WT1 gene on chromosome 1 lp l 3 are observed in approximately 20% of Wilm’s tumor. One of the real successes of modem medicine survival was on 1930s - 30 % but in 2010s - >90 %. Conclusion: Advances in molecular genetics research in the past 3 decades have lead to an increase understanding of the genetic events in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies, including those of childhood. A number of pediatric malignancies serve as models for the molecular analysis for a variety of purposes.