Analysis of the impact of adverse factors of the perinatal period on the birth of premature infants

Abstract

Introduction. For the past two years increased frequency of perinatal pathology is marked around the world, which causes risk of developing further children’s disability. One of the main objects of perinatal pathology is premature babies. Objectives: 1. Identify the relationship of perinatal outcomes of preterm delivery with special medical history, pregnancy, and gestational age. 2. To analyze the state of premature infants. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 60 premature infants, divided into 4 groups was made: from 35-37 weeks - 1 degree of prematurity was observed 30% children, with 32-34 weeks - II degree of prematurity - 36.7% children, with 29-31 per week - III and <28 weeks of IV degree of prematurity - 26.7% and 6.7% children, respectively. We used a questionnaire consisting of 100 questions. Results: In the treatment groups indicated a direct relationship between preterm birth and a history of maternal guidance on abortion (rxy=0,3), a threat to abortion (rxy=0,3), intrauterine infection (rxy=0,45), anemia, pregnancy (rxv=0.3) (p<0.05). Deferred during pregnancy, maternal infections can cause miscarriages (rxy=0,42); threat of termination of pregnancy has a close relationship to abortion and respiratory viral infections of the mother (rxy=0,7) (p<0.01). We have traced the impact of adverse perinatal factors on the formation of gestational age in preterm infants. The results obtained during studying the pregnancies showed that the pathological conditions were observed in 91% (46) of the patients (p<0.01). In the most cases, the pregnancy of the mother proceeded in a background of aggravated obstetric history and a chronic placental insufficiency, however, the qualitative characteristics of these indices among the different periods of gestation have significant differences. Repeated cases of spontaneous abortion were registered 2 times more often likely in the history of very preterm patients - 45% (p<0.05) among this category of children more often were indicated intrauterine infections (25 and 44% respectively in the third and 4th sub) (p<0.05). Extragenital pathology of the mother is a substantial proportion of the causes of miscarriage in the 1st and 2nd subgroups of patients (43.2 and 30.4% respectively).Influence of different kind of bad habits during pregnancy is more frequently observed in very preterm patients - 24% (p<0.05). Conclusions. 1. Risk factors of having children with I-II degree of prematurity include: the number of repeat pregnancies of up to 3 (33.3%), repeated abortion numbers up to two (10.2%), stillbirths (3.3%), spontaneous abortions (57%), toxemia (34.7%) and the threat of termination of pregnancy in the I half (10%), respiratory-viral infections (16.2%), bad habits (10%). Risk factors for delivery of very preterm children (III-IV degree) are the number of repeat pregnancies over 3 (40%), repeated abortions more than two (16%), repeated spontaneous abortions (10%), multiple pregnancy (12%), secondary infertility (3.9%) at p<0.05. 2. Factors contributing to the increase of severity of the ground state in preterm patients with all stages of gestations the pocket of chronic infection of mother and fetus (chronic pyelonephritis, intrauterine infection), anemia during pregnancy, the use of benefits of intrapartum period.