Abstract:
Introduction: The periodontium contains a considerable quantity of the cells providing reparative,
protective reactions when develop an inflammation. The leading part in development and a current of
protective reactions is played by macrophages. Macrophages contain in small amounts, mainly in an
intersticial connecting tissue of a periodontium. Their maintenance is sharply enlarged at various inflammatory processes.
Methods: For researches were used 7fragments of the maxillary bone with the premolars, taken from
corpses of people of age group 45-65 years. A material fixed in 10% formalin. After made its décalcification in 15% a solution of nitric acid and filled in paraffin. Sections prepared in a horizontal plane of an
apical, average and at gum level of a root, painted a hematoxylin and eosine on Van-Gizon. With help
of Avtandilov’s grid inserted into an ocular of a microscope, defined quantity of macrophages. Statistical data processing spent with use of program Excel. To an estimation of the importance of differences
(p<0,05) applied criterion the Mann-Whitney. Results represented in the form of X±m; where X-selective
average, m-average error.
Results: Quantity of macrophages is more at the gum level, than in average and apical root parts. The
greatest quantity is located on a distal surface (8,7±1, 2%) of gum level. At apical level from the similar
surface their quantity is significant less (3,9±0,4%).On a medial surface in an apical part the index was
significantly more low, than in gum and average levels of the similar surface in 3 and 2 times accordingly
(p<0,05). The index on a distal surface in the apical part was more low, than on gum and average levels of
the similar party in 1,5 and 1,2 times accordingly (p<0,05). The index on a palatal surface in gum level,
significantly exceeded indexes in average and apical areas of the same surface in 3 and 4,5 times accordingly (p<0,05). On a vestibular surface in an apical part the index is authentic more low in 6 times, than
on gum level to the similar surface (p<0,05).
Conclusion: The greatest quantity of macrophages in gum parts, possibly, is caused by constant contact to an oral cavity and with a tooth plaque. It is necessary to mention about gum sulcus where circulates
liquid. Gum liquid contains cells possessing antimicrobial action, including macrophages. At healthy
gum the liquid do not find out or it appears in insignificant quantity. With ascending of inflammation of
a gum the quantity of liquid is considerably enlarged and the quantity of the macrophages participating
in local immunity is enlarged.
