Abstract:
A multicenter randomized research studied lifestyle factors impact on the development of
socially important diseases among population of Kazakhstan. The study involved experts from
leading research institutes: cardiology and internal medicine, maternal and child health, oncology and
radiology, ophthalmology, psychiatry and healthy lifestyle center. Objective: Development new
organizational approaches and efficient forms, economically feasible proposals for preventive work
on major socially important diseases (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease (1HD), diabetes
mellitus (DM), asthma, breast cancer, cervical cancer) in primary health care. Methods: sociohygienic, statistical, informational, epidemiological, preventive, clinical, paraclinical, laboratory,
sociological and mathematical. Results: Population of Almaty and Enbekshi-Kazakh rayon of Almaty
oblast was studied (1500 people). Prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases-(CVD) (32,0
+2,8); IHD (18.1 2.3); with DM 0,33%, asthma - 1,64%; with allergic rhinitis - 10.49%; with diabetic
retinopathy from 8,5 to 86,5; with depressive condition - 52.7%; all these diseases had higher rates
among urban residents than rural ones. Among CVD risk factors an overweight was a leading
condition. Analysis showed strong linkage between CVD and overweight among both men and
women. The second and third ranks accounted for tobacco smoking and atken-tea (tea with salt and
milk) use, the fourth - intake of alcohol. 77,0% of examined healthy people under age of 30 had
prenosological conditions, enable to disorder normal adaptation, lead to diseases onset in later life.
Work of School of health and observation of experimental group in 60-68% cases showed positive
results in correction of functional conditions. Most people were not informed about ways of diseases
prevention and had no healthy lifestyle skills. Among the urban percentage of people aware of
healthy lifestyle importance was 21.78%, among the rural -18.81%. Low doctors and nurses’ supply
in Almaty city and Almaty oblast, disparities and uneven, poorly trained staff, high rates of layoffs
reduced availability and quality of health care including preventive health care. Based on the research
results training programs "Technology of preventive education at schools of health for patients with
cardiovascular diseases", "Technology of preventive education of patients with diabetes, obesity,
metabolic syndrome" were developed and applied. Screening programs developed to identify risk
factors of socially important diseases at primary health care settings as well as algorithm technology
for early detection and monitoring of patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, angina,
myocardial infarction.
