Abstract:
The 21 st century is dominated from a revolutionary new technology - nanotechnology. The
term Nanotechnology was first introduced in 1959, by Richard Feynman that winning Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1965. Nanoparticles are the main product of nanotechnologies, and they may have organic
and inorganic structures, the size being less than one hundred nanometers (10-9m). These
technologies open the new perspectives and new opportunities for all sciences also in medicine. The
new direction based on nanotechnology methods - nanopharmacology will obtain significant
advances in areas such as diagnostic, regenerative medicine and pharmacological therapeutics.
Nanopharmacology can be defined as the application of nanotechnology to develop and discovery of
new methods to delivery drugs. In April 2006, the journal Nature Materials estimated that 130
nanotech-based drugs and delivery systems were being developed worldwide. More and more new
drugs, which are highly effective against certain diseases, especially cancer are face-off lot problems
as bad absorption or severe side effects. With nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, important
improvement on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters of drugs will take place.
Clinical used demonstrate a broad variety of useful properties, such as longevity in the body,
increased solubility, specific targeting to certain disease sites and increased drug concentration in it,
enhanced intracellular penetration, contrast properties allowing for direct carrier visualization in vivo,
stimuli-sensitivity, and others. Also the use of nanotechnology will serve for a more accurate control
of doses, which will decrease significantly drug toxicity and increase safety. Some of those
pharmaceutical carriers have already made their way into clinic, while others are still under
preclinical development. The next generation of pharmaceutical nanoparticles combining different
properties and allowing for multiple functions. In recent years, nanotechnology has found
innumerable applications in the field of medicine - from drug delivery systems, nanorobots and cell
repair machines to imaging, nanoparticles and nanonephrology. But the most important future
applications of nanotechnology will be with construction of medical nanorobots, for example, there
were technical analyzed some types of medical nanorobots: Respirocytes (artificial mechanical red
cells), Pharmacytes (ideal drug delivery nanorobot). To conclude we can say that nanotechnology
open new possibilities for pharmacology and medicine with preservation and improvement of human
health and extension of natural biological structure and function using molecular tools and molecular
knowledge of the human body.
