Abstract:
Introduction: The ubiquitin protein family
(Ub) plays an important role in regulating
cellular protein turnover in a variety of
processes, such as DNA damage and repair,
cell cycle progression, apoptosis, receptormediated
endocytosis, and human cell
signal transduction.
Purpose: Understanding the role of Ub in labeling
unwanted cellular proteins and their role in human
pathology.
Material and methods: Journal of literature, articles published in electronic sources
recognized by the international medical society: Science Direct, PNAS, Cell press Reviews,
PubMed, Gene Cards.
Results: There are 4 genes in human cells
that encode ubiquitin proteins: UBB
(17p11.2), UBC (12q24.3), UBA52
(19p13.1), RPS27A (2p16.1). Ubiquitination
is mediated by three enzymes: ubiquitin
activator (E1), ubiquitin transfer enzyme
(E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3). 9000 target
proteins and 60,000 ubiquitination sites are
currently described.
The main sites for Ub - M1, K6, K11, K27, are needed to signal the cell for
an adequate response: proteolysis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle control. Defects
or deficiency of Ub cause the accumulation of unwanted proteins in cells, which
can lead to the appearance and/or progression of neurodegenerative diseases,
cancer, muscle atrophy, immune deficiencies, etc.
Conclusions: . The quality of the structure, functions and properties of human cells
are determined by signaling systems, including the Ub system. Scientific studies
demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant Ub proteins in hematological
malignancies, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, hypothalamic neurodegeneration.
